Summer maintenance of automobiles focuses on air conditioning and refrigeration systems, batteries and brakes, as well as tires. Understand the maintenance knowledge of these places, even if there is no special teacher present, the owner can do some basic checks for the vehicle and take care of his car.

　　空调及制冷系统

　　Air conditioning and refrigeration system

　　空调是夏季使用非常频繁的部件，也容易发生故障。汽车空调系统常见的故障，是冷媒泄漏和制冷不良。

　　Air conditioning is a very frequently used component in summer, and it is also the most prone to malfunction. The most common faults of automobile air conditioning system are refrigerant leakage and poor refrigeration.

　　冷媒泄漏通常由管路中的密封胶圈老化、制冷剂压力异常、系统部件损坏等造成。泄漏故障修复后，必须补充冷冻机油和将系统内抽真空并充加制冷剂，冷冻机油和制冷剂必须使用品质好且与车辆要求型号相同的。在众多制冷不良的故障中，普遍的是空调系统散热不良，需要保养的项目主要是冷凝器的清洁以及散热风扇的工作状况。  同时，检查空调的制冷效果是否与出厂时的指标相同，是保养空调时的一个必做项目，这也是诊断空调是否“健康”的一个重要环节。据长沙德顺和湖南万乘汽车销售公司的技术人员介绍，以马自达6为例，其标准制冷效果是6．3℃到8℃，超出这个范围，不管是高了还是低了，都表示空调系统存在问题。  空调系统中另一个重要部件——空调滤清器能有效过滤空气中的灰尘、花粉和细菌，防止对空调系统内部的污染。具有活性炭涂层的汽车空调滤清器，还能杀死空气中的细菌并抑制细菌再生。但如果空调滤清器上沉积了太多灰尘，不仅会对过滤效果造成影响，还将降低空气的通过量，抑制制冷表现。因此，在做空调及制冷系统保养时，空调滤清器必须清理（用风管吹掉灰尘），不能清理干净的，维护人员将建议车主进行更换。

　　The leakage of refrigerant is usually caused by aging of sealing ring in pipeline, abnormal refrigerant pressure and damage of system components. After repairing the leakage fault, refrigerating oil must be added, vacuum and refrigerant must be added to the system. Refrigerating oil and refrigerant must be of good quality and be the same type as vehicle requirements. Among the many failures of poor refrigeration, the most common one is the poor heat dissipation of air conditioning system. The main items that need to be maintained are the cleaning of condenser and the working condition of cooling fan. At the same time, checking whether the refrigeration effect of air conditioning is the same as that of the factory is a necessary item in maintaining air conditioning, which is also an important link in diagnosing whether air conditioning is "healthy". According to the technicians of Changsha Deshun and Hunan Wancheng Automobile Sales Company, taking Mazda 6 as an example, its standard refrigeration effect is 6.3 to 8 degrees Celsius, beyond this range, whether high or low, indicating that there are problems in the air conditioning system. Another important component of air conditioning system, air conditioning filter, can effectively filter dust, pollen and bacteria in the air and prevent pollution to the air conditioning system. Activated carbon coated automotive air conditioning filters can also kill bacteria in the air and inhibit bacterial regeneration. But if too much dust is deposited on the air conditioning filter, it will not only affect the filtering effect, but also reduce the air flow and inhibit the refrigeration performance. Therefore, in the maintenance of air conditioning and refrigeration systems, air conditioning filters must be cleaned (dust blown off by air ducts), can not be cleaned, maintenance personnel will recommend the owner to replace.

　　蓄电池

　　Battery

　　蓄电池的使用和维护要注意以下七个方面。一是检查蓄电池在支架上的固定螺栓是否拧紧，安装不牢固会因行车震动而引起壳体损坏；二是时常查看极柱和接线头的连接是否可靠，为防止接线头氧化可涂抹凡士林等保护剂；三是不可用直接打火（短路测试）的方法检查蓄电池电量，这样会对蓄电池造成损害；四是普通铅酸蓄电池要注意定期添加蒸馏水；五是电池盖上的气孔要保持通畅；六是在蓄电池极柱和盖的周围常会有黄白色的糊状物，这是因为硫酸腐蚀了根柱、线卡、固定架等造成的，这些物质的电阻很大，要及时清理；七是当需要两块蓄电池串联使用时，蓄电池的容量好相等，否则会影响蓄电池的使用寿命。

　　The following seven aspects should be paid attention to in the use and maintenance of storage batteries. One is to check whether the fixing bolt of the battery on the bracket is tightened or not, and the installation is not firm, which will cause damage to the housing due to driving vibration; the other is to check whether the connection between the pole and the wiring head is reliable, so as to prevent the oxidation of the wiring head, vaseline and other protective agents can be smeared; the third is to check the battery power by direct ignition (short circuit test), which will cause damage to the battery. Fourthly, ordinary lead-acid batteries should pay attention to adding distilled water regularly; fifthly, the stomata on the battery cover should be kept unblocked; sixthly, there are often yellow and white pastes around the battery poles and caps, which are caused by sulfuric acid corrosion of the poles, wire clips, fixtures and so on. These substances have great resistance and should be cleaned up in time; seventhly, when two batteries are needed in series, they should be stored. Battery capacity is best equal, otherwise it will affect the life of the battery.

　　检查蓄电池电压和发电机电压是判断两者工作状态是否正常的重要依据，常用工具是车用电压计。检测方法很简单，电压计的两个接口分别连接蓄电池或发电机的两极，电压计上的读数就是它们的实际电压。以马自达6轿车为例，蓄电池的标准电压为13．31V，发电机电压为13．85V，有别于这个读数则表示蓄电池或发电机有问题。

　　Checking the battery voltage and generator voltage is an important basis for judging whether the two working conditions are normal or not. The commonly used tool is the automotive voltmeter. The detection method is simple. The two interfaces of the voltmeter are connected to the two poles of the battery or generator respectively. The readings on the voltmeter are their actual voltages. Taking Mazda 6 as an example, the standard battery voltage is 13.31V and the generator voltage is 13.85V. Unlike this reading, the battery or generator has problems.

　　据技术人员介绍，一般免维护电池从出厂到使用可存放10个月左右，其电压与电容保持不变，质量差的在出厂3个月左右电压与电容会开始下降。

　　According to technicians, maintenance-free batteries generally can be stored for about 10 months from the factory to use. Their voltage and capacitance remain unchanged, and the voltage and capacitance of poor quality batteries will begin to decline in about 3 months after the factory.

　　如果您想知道济南哪里有宝马汽车维修的可以点击我们的官网进行咨询：http://www.lutongqixiu.com/

　　If you want to know where BMW maintenance is available in Jinan, you can click on our official website to consult: http://www.lutongqixiu.com./